Hot stamping materials refer to the materials used in the press, fabrics, leather, coated surfaces, plastics and other cover materials, and are hot stamped and pressed on various graphic materials, including various hot stamping adhesion promoting materials.
After melting adhesive materials by heating and pressing methods, various metal foils and the like are stamped on various articles to obtain ideal decorative processing methods, which have lasted for several centuries in China and are used on the cover of books. A hundred years of history. The earliest stamping materials used in China were single-sheet metal foils and powder sheets. Later, due to the development of the printing and splicing business and the continuous updating and improvement of the framing materials, hot stamping materials such as galvanized aluminum and colored foils appeared. These inexpensive new materials quickly replaced pure metal foil stamping materials.
(a) Types of Hot Stamping Materials
1. Electrochemical aluminum foil
Electro-aluminum foil is a stamping material made by coating and vacuum evaporation with a layer of metal foil on the film base. Its packaging form is reel type. Electrochemical aluminum foil can replace metal foil as a decorative material, with gold and silver as the majority. It has the characteristics of gorgeous appearance, bright color, glittering eye-catching, easy to use, etc. It is suitable for hot stamping on paper, plastic, leather, fabric, coating material, organic glass and other materials. Electrochemical aluminum foil was transferred from Japan to China in the mid-1960s. Shanghai, Beijing, Fujian, and other places were put into production earlier. For more than 30 years, electro-aluminum foil has become a familiar material for frame mounting.
The composition of 1 electrified aluminum foil. The galvanized aluminum foil is coated with a release layer, a color layer, and a vacuum aluminum-plating re-coating adhesive on 12, 16, 18, 20 μm thick, 500-1500 mm wide polyester film (16 μm thick, 500 mm wide film in China). The layer was finally made by rewinding the finished product. Domestic electro-aluminum foil is generally 4 to 5 layers.
The first layer of electro-aluminum foil is a base film layer. In China, a 16 μm thick biaxially stretched polyester film is generally used; the main function is to support the coating adhered to it and to facilitate the continuous action of the hot stamping process. Base film layer in the hot stamping process can not be due to temperature rise and deformation, should have strong, tensile, high temperature and other properties.
The second layer of electro-aluminum foil is a release layer. It is generally coated with a silicone resin or the like. The main function is to make the color material, aluminum, and adhesive layer quickly detach from the polyester film after hot stamping (heating and pressurizing) and be transferred and bonded on the surface of the object to be stamped. Separation layer should have better separation performance, otherwise it will make the graphic after the hot stamping unclear, revealing flowers at the bottom and affecting the product quality of hot stamping.
Some galvanized aluminum foil products are not separated from the layer during production, and the color layer adhesive material with less adhesion to the base film or a suitable amount of detached material is added in the color material so that the color layer can react color and play a role in detachment. This is a four-layer structure of anodized aluminum.
The third layer of electro-aluminum is a color layer, and the main component is a synthetic resin and a dye that are suitable for film formation, heat resistance, and transparency. The main role of the color layer is two, one is to display the color; the second is to protect the aluminum plated image stamped on the surface of the article is not oxidized. The color of the galvanized aluminum foil can be orange, yellow, gray, red, green, etc. as needed. The color of the color layer is given a luster through the aluminum plating layer, and the color has a certain change. For example, the color of yellow is gold after aluminum plating, and the color is silver after gray aluminum plating. The requirement for the color layer coating is delicate without any small particles, so as to avoid the occurrence of sand eyes and damage the uniformity of the coating.
The fourth layer of electro-aluminum foil is an aluminized layer. The film coated with a colored layer, etc., is placed in a vacuum chamber in a continuous aluminum plating machine. Under a certain degree of vacuum, the aluminum wire is melted and continuously evaporated to the colored layer of the film by resistance heating to form an aluminum plating layer. The main role is to reflect light, change the color of the color layer, and make it shiny.
The fifth layer of galvanized aluminum foil is an adhesive layer. The adhesive layer is generally made of a fusible thermoplastic resin (whose type is more), coated on an aluminum layer by a coater, and dried to form an adhesive layer. The main function of the adhesive layer is to bond hot stamping material to the object being heated.
One of the reasons for the phenomenon of non-performing hot stamping is that there are different adhesive layers and poor coating. The adhesive layers of various types of galvanized aluminum are different. Therefore, the galvanized aluminum foil should be selected according to the actual conditions of the material to be heated.
2 electrification of aluminum foil selection. The rational selection of electro-aluminum foil is one of the important factors for hot stamping the cover of books and periodicals. There are many kinds of electro-aluminum foils at home and abroad, with different performances and different quality. Therefore, the following two points should be taken into consideration when selecting:
The first is not to superstition abroad. Nowadays, there are many kinds of electro-aluminum foils imported, and the quality is generally good. However, because of different models and different materials for hot stamping, it is not always applicable to hot stamped materials. The second choice of anodized aluminum should first understand its performance, quality, etc., and then select according to the specific conditions of the material, texture, etc. of the material to be ironed, otherwise it will cause unnecessary waste and loss.
3 Electrochemical aluminum foil processing in the hot stamping process. Electrochemical aluminum foil varieties, manufacturing process, batch, performance vary, in addition to the correct selection should also pay attention to processing in the processing.
A. Before hot stamping a new processing object or using a new type of anodized aluminum foil, a simple visual inspection should be performed first to see if the model is consistent with the material being hot-pressed; open the recoated aluminum foil and observe the surface of the film. Whether there is trachoma, scratches, wrinkles, and whether the feel is smooth, and whether the brightness meets the requirements. The good quality aluminum foil reflects strong light and sparkles. If the instrument is used for measurement, the light reflectance should reach about 85% evenly. Unconditional can be determined visually.
B. Hot stamping Electroplated aluminum foil is generally available in copper plate (red copper), zinc plate, and copper plated zinc plate. When using copper plate as well, due to the heat resistance of copper plate, good heat transfer, suitable elasticity, durable and hot stamping effect than the other two plates. If you are printing small batches of work or sheet paper, you can use zinc plate. The soft texture of zinc plate should not be excessively hot or the pressure is too large. Otherwise, the plate is easily deformed and the hot stamping effect is not good. Some units only use zinc plates, and sometimes they need to change the number of plates, causing great waste.
Hot stamping plate thickness is generally 1.5 ~ 2.5mm. Depending on the texture and thickness of the material to be heated, a suitable thickness of the plate is selected. If the hot stamping version is too thin, hot stamping may occur, such as blurring of flowers, etc. If it is too thick, it will result in waste.
Outside the hot stamping printing plate, before use, we must first check whether the layout of the burr is not smooth, edges and corners are not neat, the picture is not clear, etc., to the unqualified part of the corrosion, repair and then plate hot stamping.
C. Electrochemical aluminum foil inspection is completed, hot stamping version is good, we must first test hot; and according to the stamping material texture, area, etc., or adjust the stamping of the temperature, time and pressure.
The above three points are the main links in hot stamping processing.
Hot stamping book shell pressure, in addition to fabric cover outside the general indentation depth of about 0.4mm; hot stamping time is generally 0.5 ~ 1S; hot stamping temperature is generally 110 °C ~ 145 °C. According to the flatness of the surface of the object to be heated, the type of material, etc., the correct selection of different pressure, time and temperature, in order to ensure the quality of hot stamping to achieve the desired effect.
2. Color foil
Color foil, also called powder foil, is a kind of hot stamping material made by coating pigments, resin adhesives and other solvents on the film base. Hot foil stamping can be used to create a variety of color graphics.
The development and production of color foil is later than that of electro-aluminum foil, and is mainly used instead of traditional color chips. Its characteristics are: a variety of colors, a wide range of options, can be used for automatic continuous hot stamping process, less waste, easy transport and storage. The color foil package is the same as the electro-aluminum foil and is a very popular pigment foil. However, because the color layer of the color foil is thinner, compared with the color film, the color of the color film is not as bright, thick and full.
1 color foil composition. The composition of the color foil is similar to that of the electro-aluminum foil, except that the electro-aluminum foil is vacuum-deposited with a layer of metallic aluminum, and the color foil is directly coated on the base film and is not plated with aluminum. The color foil consists of three or four layers.
Three-layer color foil production method:
The first layer is a base film layer. The base film is generally a 12 to 16 μm thick polyester film. It mainly acts as a supporting coating. Its packaging form is a reel type, which facilitates continuous processing, storage and transportation.
The second layer is a release layer. The coating of the release layer is a silicone resin or a wax liquid, and its function is to make the color-adhesive layer quickly detach from the base film and adhere to the material to be heated during hot stamping. Detachment layer should have a good shedding effect, otherwise it will cause hot stamping color, uneven, and other quality problems.
The third layer is a color layer. The color-adhesive layer is mainly composed of a pigment, and then a binder, an alcohol solvent, and other fillers are added and mixed in a certain proportion. The various colors of the colored foil are mainly dependent on the coating and formulation of this layer. Commonly used red, yellow, green, black, etc., are made according to user requirements and coated. Due to the addition of adhesive, it can be hot stamped and hot pressed to firmly bond it to the object to be heated.
The four-layer color foil separates the color-adhesive layer, and its purpose is to overcome the defect of the insufficient bonding material in the color-adhesive layer to ensure the hot stamp adhesion.
2 color foil performance and hot stamping. Due to the differences in the production process, batch, etc., the color foil must be well-understood in performance and use. The color foils are classified by a base film, which includes a polyester film and a paper film; and a color-adhesive layer-formed connection material is classified into a water-soluble foil and an alcohol-soluble foil. Some foils are suitable for hot stamping large-area patterns, while others are suitable for small area graphics and foils with patterned patterns, so they must be selected according to need.
A. The performance of colored foils. The properties of the colored foil are determined by the nature of the polymer selected. In the hot stamping process, it must have good detachment, adhesion, and can accurately display a variety of colors. When making colored foils, it must be accurately understood that the thickness of the coating is uniform, typically 0.05 mm. In addition, the color material in the color-adhesive layer must be mixed with the binder to be coated.
B. Hot foil stamping. The color foil foil stamping is more difficult than the electro-aluminum foil, especially if there is a large color difference with the surface of the object to be tumbled. If the material is improperly selected or poorly grasped, there will be quality problems such as missing bottom, pattern, discoloration, and stencil. Therefore, according to the texture, form, pattern depth, and thickness of the mesh, the pressure, time, and temperature are properly grasped during the stamping process so that the image after the stamping can reach a clear, full, bright color. Firmly does not fall off.
3. Color film
The color film is a kind of hot stamping material that is coated on paper and other flat and smooth objects by depositing a layer of mixed paint such as a pigment and a binding material, and drying and peeling off the paper.
The color film has a history of nearly 60 years; before the color foil was used, all kinds of colored imprints were stamped with this material. The feature of the color film is that it is simple to make, bright in color, full and thick in the trace, pure in color, and not easy to reflect after encountering light. However, since the color plate has no support body, it is easily broken and it is difficult to continuously print. Because the effect of hot stamping and printing with color chips is good, multi-color high-grade books use color chips for hot stamping. The use of color film can be arbitrarily made and selected according to the needs of the hot stamping must master its performance. Because the color chips are not supported, they must be cut into the necessary width in advance during processing, and hot stamping should be performed after the hot stamping position.
4. Metal foil
Metal foil is a thin metal sheet that is expanded with metal. The use of metal foil to stamp certain items has been around for more than a century in China. In the 15th century, books were decorated with red gold foil.
There are several kinds of metal foils, including red gold, silver foil, copper foil and aluminum foil. Among them, many are used in red gold foil and used for the longest time. To date, some valuable books with preservation value are still stamped with red gold foil because of the red gold foil. Not easy to oxidize can permanently shine.
1 red gold foil hot stamping. The red gold foil is made of pure gold. The appearance of the red gold is very gorgeous. The texture is soft, the chemical properties are stable, it is not easy to lose its luster due to oxidation, and the ductility is the best one of the metals. The thickness of the red gold foil used for hot stamping is only about 2 μm. A flat sheet of gold foil is used for packaging.
The use of red gold foil for hot stamping is difficult and requires a certain amount of operating skills and experience. Its operation
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